作者介绍

大家好！我是关注大家英语学习的陈老师，一个有温度的英语老师！一个诠释语言背后的逻辑，教你用汉语学英语的老师！

从教十余年，看到太多人因为学英语而痛苦不堪，有没有一种方法真正能让普通初中文凭的成年人也能学懂这门语言，少走弯路？我认为是有的！

逻辑支持

名词的重要性不言而喻，在英语十大词类（介冠形名代 情副动数连 ）中名词跟其它词类到底有什么样的关系是需要了解的。

名词短语中的形容词是表达名词属性的形容词，跟名词的关系特点紧密，而补语位置的形容词大多表达名词暂时性的特点和状态。汉语中我们也同样用这种思维在表达，看完这章节，你会豁然开朗。

补语位置的形容词大多考查比较级，和than连用；单独考查最高级也常见。

形容词和副词本身就是表达相对的概念（高矮胖瘦、轻重缓急 ），所以它们会有比较级和最高级。

补语位置的形容词概述

形容词出现在句子中的位置除了在名词短语中修饰中心名词外还可以出现在补语（表语）位置，用来说明主语的状态或特征。

名词短语中的形容词叫做attributive adjectives，用来表达该名词的属（attribute）。补语位置的形容词叫做predicative adjectives，用来补述（predicate）关于名词的事项。补语位置的形容词距离名词最远，经常用来对名词作一些临时性、补充性的叙述，与表示属性的attributive adjectives在语气上颇不相同。

John is sick today and couldn’t come to work. (predication)今天约翰生病，不能来上班。

John is a sick man. (attributive)约翰是个病人。

第一个句子中sick放在补语位置来形容John，是用来对John做一个叙述（predication），其内容可以是暂时性的。也就是说，过了今天John很肯能就好了，能上班了。

第二个句子中sick放在名词短语中，来交代属于中心名词“man”的一个属性（attribute），语气是比较永久性的。换句话说，这个“有病的人”可能病得不轻，短时间还好不了。

名词短语中的形容词排序

传统口诀：美小圆旧黄，法国木书房

1. 美美丑；2. 小大小；3. 圆形状；4. 旧新旧；5. 黄颜色；6. 法国国籍；7. 木材质；8. 书房用途

a beautiful little red flower（一朵美丽的小红花）（限定词 美 小 红）

a beautiful new black Italian leather jacket（一件漂亮的新的黑色的意大利皮夹克）（限定词 美 新 黑 法国 皮的）

OPSHACOM（源自 BC 英语教学节目"Professor Grammar”）

OP-opinion（观点类词）: 如 beautiful, ugly, expensive, cheap 等

SH-size shape（大小、形状类词）: 如 long, short, round, square 等

A-age（年龄、新旧类词）: 如 new, old, young 等

C-colour（颜色类词）: 如 black, white, red, yellow 等

O-origin（国籍、地区类词）: 如 Chines, English, Italian, Japanese 等

M-material（材料类词）: 如 metal, silk, plastic, leather 等

排序本质：由主观到客观（越靠前的形容词，个人感情色彩越浓；越接近名词的形容词，则越属于不可变更的名词本身的属性）。

a red flower（一朵红花）（花朵本身的属性）

a little red flower（一朵小红花）（大小会变化）

a beautiful little red flower（一朵美丽的小花）（主观形容个人感情）

a leather jacket（一件皮夹克）（夹克本身的属性）

an Italian leather jacket（一件意大利皮夹克）（突出物品的产地）

a black Italian leather jacket（一件黑色的意大利皮夹克）（客观描绘产品颜色）

a new black Italian leather jacket（一件新的黑色的意大利皮夹克）（新旧会变化）

a beautiful new black Italian leather jacket（一件漂亮的新的黑色的意大利皮夹克）（主观形容个人感情）

成人英语初级考点分析

主 动 补（动词为be动词为代表的连系动词，补语位置是形容词/比较级/最高级）

主 动 宾 补（动词为实义动词，补语位置是形容词/比较级/最高级）

考点1：主 动 补（形容词作主语的补语）

His nose is bloody.(blood)

I am greatly thankful (thank) to you all for sending me food and supplies.

He thought that Joe must be dead (die), but he didn’t want to leave at once.

At present time, at least seven people were dead (die) and over 3,300 buildings were destroyed. (destroy)

It was impossible (possible) for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull Joe up.

He thought the music he played might be too difficult (difficultly) for the cow.

The students remained silent .(silence)

It seemed dangerous.(danger)

The population of America is smaller (small) than that of India.

The little baby woke up at midnight and he stayed awake (wake) for a long time.

They find that koalas are active (act) at night.

You and I must be truthful (true) with each other.

He wants to get married (married) to a teacher.

Elevators have become more energy-efficient, they are also much faster .(fast)

Laura felt excited (excite) about what she had experienced.

The soccer match was so exciting (excite )that we jumped up and down in excitement.

When people speak the same language, greeting and small talks can make strangers feel more comfortable. (comfort)

We think you might need a little help if Alan falls asleep.(sleep)

Kids these days are always stressed out after long hours of learning.

Children these days are not independent (depend) enough.

She always feels worried (worry) about you at home.

My teachers are surprised (surprise) at the progress I’ve made.

We went to many places we were interested (interest) in.

It became even ruder.(rude)

Everyone is fearful (fear), especially when it comes to death.

As we know, most cultural relics are really valuable (value) because they have seen the history and culture.

After studying for a long time, my brother has now graduated and we are very lucky (luck) to have a doctor in the family!

They have to make sure the vaccine is safe. (safety)

My grandfather is much happier (happy) than before.

It is easier (easy) than you think. Just make your parents know what you are doing.

Tom is taller (tall) than any other boy in his class and he is good at playing basketball.

I think she is more active (act) of the two students.

Jim is much quieter (quiet) than me. He usually stays alone.

考点2：主 动 宾 补（形容词作宾语的补语）

He will leave something and add something to make the translated works more beautiful .(beauty)

When families work together to do the chores, it makes them easier (easy) and more fun for us.

So greeting can be a good way to make you and your neighbors closer. (close)

Friends make life better. (good)

总结

本章节是接着上章节继续对形容词的讨论！形容词出现在句中只有两个位置，第一是名词短语中，第二是补语位置！直接出现在名词后面的形容词可以看成是从句的简化（省略主语和be动词剩下的单词类形容词/分词），这种位置的句子多出现在高中和大学考试中！

下回预告

下回我们继续 章节七 补语位置的形容词 的讨论！详细讲解比较级和最高级！如果对你有用，记得让更多的人参与学习！我是有温度的英语陈老师！