奥运会的竞赛项目有哪些(七选五热点话题——北京冬奥会及冬奥会项目科普)

（2022·河南焦作·高三期末）A WeChat mini-program for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games was officially launched on July 2. ____1____ And it will also change their low-carbon behaviors such as walking, bike riding, as well as bus and subway taking, into “carbon points” in their accounts, which can be exchanged for some awards.

____2____ For example, a user can get 0.02 carbon points per step, up to 200 points per day, 174 points for participating in the “clear your plate” campaign each time, and 209 points for taking a bus. Quantifying (量化) low-carbon activities with carbon points enables the public to gradually develop a green and low-carbon lifestyle. ____3____

To actively respond to the global climate change, reducing carbon emission and achieving carbon neutrality (碳中和) has become a must in major international sports events. ____4____ The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games made an even bolder move by launching a nationwide low-carbon campaign and developing a mini-program for the public to help reduce carbon emission.

The Beijing 2022 has always remained committed to being green, low-carbon and sustainable, from its bidding to preparation. ____5____ All venues are constructed under the national green building standards.

A．It will be popular among many international experts.

B．It will open an individual carbon account for each user.

C．More importantly, it contributes to a greener sport event.

D．Different amounts of carbon points are based on how low-carbon the activities are.

E．It has continuously made breakthroughs in low-carbon energy, venues, and transportation.

F．Carbon neutrality refers to taking steps to balance carbon emissions from human activities.

G．In the past, major sports events usually achieved this through forestry management, and renewable projects.

（2022·阿勒泰·高一期末）The International Olympic Committee has picked Beijing, China, as the host city for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. In 2008,the 28th Summer Olympics were held in Beijing.___6___

The Winter Olympic Games are not just an opportunity for athletes to win medals and honour for their countries.___7___ Usually, the Winter Olympic Games may not have as large crowds as the Summer Olympic Games, but they share the same Olympic spirit.

___8___ Skiers compete in the short and long cross-country ski race. It was originally a sport played only in cold northern countries. ___9___ even those from countries without any snow.

Generally, the figure-skaters(花样滑冰运动员）are considered to be the ice princes and the ice princesses of the Winter Olympic Games. People usually think that they are not athletes but dancers, ___10___

A．There are two teams of players.

B．They are held every four years.

C．because these young people play so gracefully and skillfully.

D．But now athletes from all over the world can compete in this sport,

E．The Games also offer audiences a chance to get to know more about it.

F．One of the most popular sports of the Winter Olympic Games is skiing.

G．So Beijing is now the first city to host both the Summer and the Winter Olympics.

（2021·辽宁·渤海大学附属高级中学高三阶段练习）Figure skating(花样滑冰), as we know it, got its start in the mid-19th century when an American named Jackson Haines combined dancing and skating for the first time. Americans did not accept Jackson’s technique at that time. ____11____There he achieved an immediate success. And about 50 years later, Jackson’s style finally caught on in the United States.

____12____ Figure skating first appeared at the London 1908 Summer Games, while the first Winter Games was held in 1924.

In single skating, each skater performs a short routine of required steps. ____13____The pain skating follows the same format, but with one male and one female performing together. ____14____ Bu unlike pair skating, ice dance does not include overhead lifts and jumps. An ice dance competition is made up of three parts: one part is set to music that has a required rhythm and tempo and the other two parts are set to whatever music the ice dancers choose.

A panel of mine judges scores the quality of each figure skating performance, but only scores of seven judges are used. To determine which judge’s scores will be used, there is a random draw before each event. Skaters are given a grade for each step, jump, spin, or any other element that is part of their routine. They also receive an overall score for each performance. ____15____

A．Therefore he moved to Vienna, Austria.

B．Jackson tried to teach Americans his technique.

C．Ice dance is performed by one male and one female, too.

D．Figure skating is one of the most popular games in the world.

E．The person or team with the highest total score is the winner.

F．Figure skating became an Olympic sport before there were Winter Games.

G．They are jumps, spins, and combinations, as well as a longer free-stating routine.

（2020·浙江·高一阶段练习）Have you ever tried skiing? ___16___ Skis are long, mostly flat pieces of metal, wood, or plastic. Skiers attach them to their shoes and use them to get over snow, often down a mountain slope. Nordic skiing and Alpine skiing are major events of the Winter Olympic.

Nordic skiing started in Norway and other countries of north Europe. ___17___ Cross-country skiing takes place on open, hilly land. A cross-country skier must be able to ski uphill, downhill, and cross flat areas. As for a ski-jumping competition, the skier gets down a steep ramp (斜坡) that curves upward at the end. The skier leaps off the end and tries to “fly” as far as possible and then lands on his or her feet. ___18___

___19___ Alpine events include downhill and slalom racing. Downhill racing is the fastest and most dangerous of all skiing events. The skiers go down a long, steep course that may have large bumps (隆起物). Along the course are gates formed by single poles or pairs of poles. The skier must ski between them and stay on the course. The winner is the skier who completes the course in the shortest time. Slalom racing is similar to downhill racing. However, a slalom course is shorter and more winding (蜿蜒的) than a downhill course. ___20___

A．It requires the skier to make high-speed turns.

B．Alpine skiing started in the Alps of central Europe.

C．Skiing is a winter sport that involves the use of skis.

D．The skier who leaps the farthest and has the best style is the winner.

E．Nordic skiing events include cross-country racing and ski jumping.

F．The skier races over and around large bumps of snow called moguls.

G．They are allowed to touch gates with their bodies as long as their skis stay on the course.

（2022·广东实验中学高二期末）At the snow park in Zhangjiakou, one of the 2022 Winter Olympics venues, temperatures can fall as low as -40℃. ___21___ At a recent test event last month, staff and officials were shielded from the bitter cold by wearing clothing equipped with small heating elements.

The heated scarves, gloves and socks were developed by Aika, a high-tech company based in Beijing, which focuses on researching graphene (石墨烯) as an innovative fashion material. ___22___ The temperature of the graphene material can be adjusted in multiple ways, including via an app on a mobile phone, to within a single degree. The graphene properties in the clothes can withstand being washed up to 50 times.

___23___ The company has made breakthroughs in core technologies used in low-temperature-resistant clothes. Their research achievements include the development of a light yet warm flock (植绒) fiber in a goose-down-like (像鹅绒一样的) structure.

It is reported that 26 listed Chinese sports garment and equipment companies together spent more than 3.2 billion yuan on research and development (RD) in 2020. ___24___ The increased RD spending indicates their faith in the market prospects and the upgrading trend of the sector.

With a growing population of skiers in China, consumer demand is becoming more personalized and diverse, which will boost development in the ice and snow sports equipment industry. ___25___ It is estimated that the amount is projected to reach the 1 trillion yuan benchmark in 2025.

A．Toread, an outdoor clothing brand headquartered in Beijing, has also invested in developing innovative winter clothes.

B．China will deliver on its promise of hosting an intelligent Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games in Beijing next year by applying impressive high tech innovations.

C．Data shows that the industrial scale of China’s ice and snow businesses expanded from 270 billion yuan in 2015 to 600 billion yuan in 2020.

D．Graphene is a honeycomb lattice of a single layer of carbon atoms that has a great variety of uses and applications.

E．Hoping to support the forthcoming Games, sportswear companies are introducing innovative new and high-tech products aimed at keeping people warm in such cold weather.

F．Compared with the year before, there was still an increase of 6.55 percent despite the global economic slowdown during the epidemic.

G．It is centering on the actual needs from the athletes who will participate in the Beijing Olympics.

（2022·辽宁葫芦岛·高三期末）Curling(冰壶) is a winter sport played on ice. Therefore, it’s most popular in northern countries like Canada. Curling is played in the USA by about 15,000 people. ___26___ Scottish winters were long and there were forms of entertainment. So people began making a sport out of sliding heavy stones on the frozen lakes. The game spread, and in the 1700s curling clubs formed. Then Scottish soldiers brought it to North America.

___27___ Men, women, and children often compete on the same team, if they can slide a forty-pound stone down the ice! Both teams slide their stones toward the same goal. After all 16 stones have been cast, the team whose stone has slid closest to the goal gets one point.

___28___The ice is so smooth and the stone is so heavy that even the smallest misjudgment in a throw can make the stone slide much too far or stop too suddenly. ___29___ Water helps the stone slide, but it can also change the stone’s path.

In curling, a broom is part of each player’s equipment. A good curler must know how much force to use. The player must know the exact conditions of the ice on the court. ___30___That may explain why the international Olympic Committee decided to make curling an Olympic sport in 1998.

A．Players compete on the court.

B．Then the play begins in the other direction.

C．Curling is played by teams of four people.

D．In other words, a good curler must be a fine athlete.

E．The rules are easy to learn, but playing the game is hard.

F．The melting of the ice makes things tough for the curlers.

G．Curling probably began in Scotland in the 1500s or earlier.

（2021·浙江·兰溪市第一中学高一阶段练习）Figure skating(花样滑冰)

Figure skating got its name from the designs, or “figures” that are made on the ice by skating.

Special figures were a part of figure skating in the late 19th century and the early 20th century. Very complicated(复杂的) and beautiful patterns invented by the skater were drawn on the ice with the skaters blades (冰刀).Some designs that were created included rosettes (花结), stars and crosses.____31____The only year special figures took place in the Olympics was in 1908. Nikolai Panin of Russia won the event and was Russia’s first Olympic Champion.

Figures were the most important part of the original Olympic figure skating events.____32____. For that reason, the general public was not all that excited about watching figure skating at the first Olympics.

In the mid-1930s, Olympic Champion Sonja Henie, increased the popularity of figure skating.____33____. Her beauty and athletic ballet style increased figure skating's popularity worldwide.

How has figure skating changed since it first started thousands of years ago, and why?

Ice skating began about 4,000 years ago in Finland. The first skates were made of flattened bone that was tied to the bottom of the feet. In the 13th century, the Dutch invented steel blades with edges(刃). In the Netherlands, all classes of people skated.____34____.James II introduced ice skating to the British noblemen in the late 1600s.Queen Victoria also enjoyed ice skating .

Today, ice skating can actually be done year-round since there are indoor ice arenas all over the world.____35____, even though the majority of ice skaters are children and teens.

A．People of all ages participate in ice skating.

B．Each special figure was really a work of art.

C．However, it was regarded as rude by the British royal family.

D．Figure skating was quite popular even before the first Olympics.

E．However, they were not fun for the audience to watch or understand.

F．Ice skating was a way for people to travel over frozen waters in the winter months.

G．She introduced the idea of white figure skates and short skating skirts.

（2021·甘肃·静宁县第一中学高三阶段练习）Figure skating, as we know, got its start in the mid-19th century, when an American named Jackson Haines combined dancing and skating for the first time. Americans did not accept Haines' technique at that time. ____36____There he was an immediate success. Some 50 years later, Haines' style finally caught on in the United States.

Figure skating become an Olympic sport before there were Winter Games. ____37____ Ice dancing joined the Olympics in 1976, when the Games were held in Innsbruck, Austria.

In singles skating, each skater performs a short routine of required steps. ____38____ The pairs event follows the same format, but with one male and one female performing together.

____39____But unlike pairs skating, ice dance does not include overhead lifts and jumps. An ice dance competition is made up of three parts: one set to music that has a required rhythm, and two parts set to whatever music the ice dancers choose.

A panel of nine judges scores the quality of each figure skating performance, but only seven out of nine scores are used. To determine which judges' scores will be used, there is a random draw before each event. Skaters are given a grade for each step, jump, spin, or any other element that is part of their routine. They also receive an “overall” score for each performance. ____40____

A．Therefore he moved to Vienna, Austria.

B．Jackson tried to teach Americans his technique.

C．Ice dance is performed by one male and one female, too.

D．Figure skating is one of the most popular games in the world.

E．The person or team with the highest total score is the winner.

F．Events for pairs and singles first appeared at the London 1908 Summer Games.

G．They are jumps, spins, and combinations, as well as a longer free skating routine.

参考答案：

【分析】

本文是一篇说明文。作者向我们介绍了2022年北京冬奥会的低碳举措，以此来鼓励人们形成绿色低碳的生活方式。

1．B 根据上文“A WeChat mini-program for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games was officially launched on July 2.（7月2日，北京2022年冬奥会微信小节目正式开播。）”和下文“And it will also change their low-carbon behaviors such as walking, bike riding, as well as bus and subway taking, into “carbon points” in their accounts, which can be exchanged for some awards.（还将改变他们的低碳行为，如步行、骑自行车，以及乘坐公共汽车和地铁，在他们的账户中变成“碳点”，可以换取一些奖励。）”可知，空处介绍了这个节目开播的好处。B项：It will open an individual carbon account for each user.（它将为每个用户开设一个个人碳账户）符合语境。故选B。

2．D 根据下文“For example, a user can get 0.02 carbon points per step, up to 200 points per day, 174 points for participating in the “clear your plate” campaign each time, and 209 points for taking a bus.（例如，用户每走一步可以得到0.02分，每天最多可以得到200分，每次参加“清牌”活动可以得到174分，乘坐公交车可以得到209分。）”可知，空格后举例说明如何使用碳积分来量化人们的低碳行为。D项：Different amounts of carbon points are based on how low-carbon the activities are.（不同数量的碳点是根据活动的低碳程度而定的。）符合语境。故选D。

3．C 根据上文“Quantifying (量化) low-carbon activities with carbon points enables the public to gradually develop a green and low-carbon lifestyle.（用碳点量化低碳活动，使公众逐步形成绿色低碳生活方式。）”可知，空格前讲使用碳积分来量化人们的低碳行为，可以让公众逐步形成绿色低碳的生活方式，空处说明这样做的好处。C项：More importantly, it contributes to a greener sport event.（更重要的是，它有助于更环保的体育赛事。）符合语境。故选C。

4．G 根据上文“To actively respond to the global climate change, reducing carbon emission and achieving carbon neutrality (碳中和) has become a must in major international sports events.（为积极应对全球气候变化，减少碳排放、实现碳中和已成为重大国际体育赛事的必备条件。）”可知，空格前讲为了积极应对全球气候变化，在重大国际体育赛事中减少碳排放量，实现碳中和已成为一件必要之事。G项：In the past, major sports events usually achieved this through forestry management, and renewable projects.（在过去，在大型体育赛事中通常通过森林管理和可再生项目来实现（碳中和））与上文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选G。

5．E 根据上文“The Beijing 2022 has always remained committed to being green, low-carbon and sustainable, from its bidding to preparation.（从申办到筹备，北京2022年冬奥会始终坚持绿色、低碳、可持续的理念。）”可知，空格前讲从申办到准备（北京冬奥会），2022年北京始终致力于绿色、低碳和可持续发展。空格后讲所有的场馆均按照国家绿色建筑标准建设。E项：It has continuously made breakthroughs in low-carbon energy, venues, and transportation.（它在低碳能源，场馆和交通等方面不断取得突破）承上启下，符合语境。故选E。

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冬季奥运会的一些相关情况同时也介绍了冬奥会的比赛项目---滑雪和花样滑冰。

6．G 由上文“The International Olympic Committee has picked Beijing, China,as the host city for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. In 2008,the 28th Summer Olympics were held in Beijing，”（国际奥委会已经选择中国北京作为2022年冬季奥运会的主办城市。2008年，第28届夏季奥运会在北京举行）可知，此处表示北京举办过夏季奥运会同时北京即将准备举办2022年冬季奥运会。因此G项“So Beijing is now the first city to host both the Summer and the Winter Olympics.”（所以北京现在是第一个举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市。）和前文构成因果关系。G项切题。故选G项。

7．E 由上文“The Winter Olympic Games are not just an opportunity for athletes to win medals and honour for their countries.”（冬季奥运会不仅仅是运动员为他们的国家赢得奖牌和荣誉的机会。）可知，此处强调冬季奥运会对运动员来说影响很大。E项“The Games also offer audiences a chance to get to know more about it.”（奥运会也为观众提供了更多了解奥运会的机会。）和上文构成并列关系。共同强调冬季奥运会不管是对运动员还是观众都是有很大的影响的。E项切题。故选E项。

8．F 由根据后文“Skiers compete in the short and long cross-country ski race.”（滑雪者在短距离和长距离的越野滑雪比赛中竞争。）可知，此处在介绍滑雪的一些相关信息。F项“One of the most popular sports of the Winter Olympic Games is skiing.”（冬季奥运会最受欢迎的运动之一是滑雪。）说明了冬季奥运会最受欢迎的项目之一是“滑雪”。此处前后两句相互说明同一个主题。F项切题。故选F项。

9．D 由前文“It was originally a sport played only in cold northern countries”（它最初是一项只在寒冷的北方国家进行的运动）可知，此处强调滑雪在这之前只在一些寒冷的北方国家进行。D项“But now athletes from all over the world can compete in this sport.”（但是现在来自世界各地的运动员都可以参加这项运动。）在此和前句前后表示转折。滑雪现在不只是北方国家的运动项目，现在世界各国的运动员都可以参加。D项切题。故选D项。

10．C 由前文“People usually think that they are not athletes but dancers”（人们通常认为他们不是运动员，而是舞者）可知，人们认为花样滑冰运动员是舞者而不是运动员。C项“because these young people play so gracefully and skillfully.”（因为这些年轻人跳得那么优美，那么熟练。）和前句构成因果关系。C项切题。故选C项。

【分析】

本文是一篇说明文。众所周知，花样滑冰始于19世纪中期，当时一位名叫杰克逊·海恩斯的美国人第一次将舞蹈和滑冰结合在一起。文章介绍花样滑冰的历史及有关信息。

11．A 根据上文提示“Americans did not accept Jackson’s technique at that time.（美国人当时不接受杰克逊的技术）”再根据下文提示“There he achieved an immediate success.”（在那里他立刻取得了成功。）承接上下文，A项Therefore he moved to Vienna, Austria.（因此，他搬到了奥地利的维也纳。）切题。该项通过Therefore与上文构成因果关系，且下文的There与该项中的Vienna, Austria呼应。故选A。

12．F 根据下文提示“Figure skating first appeared at the London 1908 Summer Games, while the first Winter Games was held in 1924.（花样滑冰首次出现在1908年的伦敦夏季奥运会上，而第一届冬季奥运会在1924年举行） ”顺承下文，F项Figure skating became an Olympic sport before there were Winter Games.（花样滑冰在冬奥会之前就成为了奥运会项目。）切题。这里在说花样滑冰进入奥运会的情况。故选F。

13．G 根据上文提示“在单人滑冰中，每个选手都要表演一段规定步骤的短距离动作。”承接上文，G项They are jumps, spins, and combinations, as well as a longer free-stating routine.（它们是跳跃，旋转和组合，以及一个更长的自由陈述的例行程序。）切题。该项中的They与上文中的required steps相呼应。故选G。

14．C 根据下文提示“But unlike pair skating, ice dance does not include overhead lifts and jumps.（但与双人滑冰不同，冰上舞蹈不包括高空升降和跳跃。）”可知此空处应该在说Ice dance，顺承下文，C项Ice dance is performed by one male and one female, too.（冰上舞蹈也由一男一女表演。）切题。且该项中的performed by one male and one female, too呼应了上文中的one male and one female performing together。故选C。

15．E 根据上文提示“Skaters are given a grade for each step, jump, spin, or any other element that is part of their routine. They also receive an overall score for each performance.（滑冰选手的每一步、跳跃、旋转或任何其他动作都有一个分数。他们每一次的表现也会得到一个综合分数）”，承接上文，E项The person or team with the highest total score is the winner.（总得分最高的为获胜者。）切题。此处关键词是score，上文提到每个动作都给一个分数，再加上综合分，所以得分最高者就是获胜者。故选E。

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北欧滑雪和高山滑雪两种滑雪运动。

16．C 上文“Have you ever tried skiing?(你试过滑雪吗？)”和下文“Skis are long, mostly flat pieces of metal, wood, or plastic. Skiers attach them to their shoes and use them to get over snow, often down a mountain slope.(滑雪板很长，大多是金属、木材或塑料制成的扁平片。滑雪者把它们系在鞋子上，用来越过雪地，通常是从山坡上下来)”说明滑雪需要滑雪板，在雪地上进行，因此滑雪是一项冬季运动，此处承接上下文，C选项“滑雪是一项涉及使用滑雪板的冬季运动”符合题意。故选C项。

17．E 上文“Nordic skiing started in Norway and other countries of north Europe.(北欧滑雪起源于挪威和其他北欧国家)”和下文“Cross-country skiing takes place on open, hilly land. A cross-country skier must be able to ski uphill, downhill, and cross flat areas. As for a ski-jumping competition, the skier gets down a steep ramp (斜坡) that curves upward at the end.(越野滑雪在开阔的丘陵地带进行。越野滑雪者必须能在上坡、下坡和平地上滑雪。在跳台滑雪比赛中，滑雪者要下一个陡峭的斜坡，最后向上弯曲)”说明本段在介绍北欧滑雪的两个项目——越野滑雪和跳台滑雪，此处承接上下文，E选项“北欧滑雪项目包括越野滑雪和跳台滑雪”符合题意。故选E项。

18．D 上文“As for a ski-jumping competition, the skier gets down a steep ramp (斜坡) that curves upward at the end. The skier leaps off the end and tries to “fly” as far as possible and then lands on his or her feet.(在跳台滑雪比赛中，滑雪者要下一个陡峭的斜坡，最后向上弯曲。滑雪者从末端跳下，试图“飞”到尽可能远的地方，然后用脚落地)”说明在跳台滑雪比赛中，参赛者要从斜坡的末端跳下，尽可能跳的远。因此，在比赛中，跳得远、跳得好看的就是赢家，此处承接上文，D选项“跳得最远、风格最好的滑雪者是赢家”符合题意。故选D项。

19．B 上文介绍了“北欧滑雪”和下文“Alpine events include downhill and slalom racing.(阿尔卑斯山4个项目包括下坡和回转赛)”说明本段应该讲阿尔卑斯山的“高山滑雪”，此处承接上下文，B选项“高山滑雪始于中欧的阿尔卑斯山”符合题意。该选项中的Alpine对应下文中的Alpine，属于原词复现。故选B项。

20．A 上文“Downhill racing is the fastest and most dangerous of all skiing events. The skiers go down a long, steep course that may have large bumps (隆起物).(下坡赛是所有滑雪项目中最快、最危险的。滑雪者走的是一条长而陡的路线，可能有很大的颠簸)”和“Slalom racing is similar to downhill racing. However, a slalom course is shorter and more winding (蜿蜒的) than a downhill course.(回转赛与下坡赛相似。然而，回转赛道比下坡赛道更短，更曲折。）可知，下坡赛已经很危险了，一路陡峭，与下坡赛相似的回转赛道比下坡赛道更短，更曲折)”说明危险性更强，更曲折就意味着要进行急转弯，此处承接上文，A选项“它要求滑雪者进行高速转弯”符合题意。故选A项。

【导语】

本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是越来越多的公司研发可以耐低温的运动衣物。

21．E 空格后说“在上个月的一次测试中，工作人员和官员们穿着装有小加热元件的衣服来抵御严寒”，这说明有的公司生产可以抵御寒冷的运动服，E选项“Hoping to support the forthcoming Games, sportswear companies are introducing innovative new and high-tech products aimed at keeping people warm in such cold weather.（为了支持即将到来的奥运会，运动服装公司正在推出创新的高科技产品，旨在让人们在如此寒冷的天气里保持温暖。）”说明了因为有公司生产可以保暖的衣服，所以空后提到的工作人员才有可以加热的衣服穿，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。

22．D 空格前说“which focuses on researching graphene (石墨烯) as an innovative fashion material.（该公司专注于研究将石墨烯作为一种创新时尚材料）”，D选项“Graphene is a honeycomb lattice of a single layer of carbon atoms that has a great variety of uses and applications.（石墨烯是由单层碳原子组成的蜂窝状晶格，具有多种用途和应用。）”说明了石墨烯是什么材料，因此D选项承接上文，符合语境，故选D。

23．A 空格后说“The company has made breakthroughs in core technologies used in low-temperature-resistant clothes.（该公司在用于耐低温服装的核心技术上取得突破）”，根据指代关系，空格处应提到某家公司的名字，A选项“Toread, an outdoor clothing brand headquartered in Beijing, has also invested in developing innovative winter clothes.（总部位于北京的户外服装品牌Toread也投资开发创新冬季服装。）”中提到了Toread这家公司研发冬季服装，和后面的“在用于耐低温服装的核心技术上取得突破”相呼应，因此A选项引起下文，符合语境，故选A。

24．F 空格后说“研发支出的增加表明了他们对市场前景和行业升级趋势的信心”，说明空格处会提到用于研发的支出增加，F选项“Compared with the year before, there was still an increase of 6.55 percent despite the global economic slowdown during the epidemic.（与前一年相比，尽管疫情期间全球经济放缓，但仍增长了6.55%。）”提到了这个增长是6.55%，和下文形成了呼应，因此F选项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。

25．C 空格后说“预计这个数量2025年将达到1万亿元的基准”，因此空格处应提到数值，C选项“Data shows that the industrial scale of China’s ice and snow businesses expanded from 270 billion yuan in 2015 to 600 billion yuan in 2020.（数据显示，中国冰雪产业规模从2015年的2700亿元扩大到2020年的6000亿元。）”中的“2700亿元”和“6000亿元”都是数值，和空格后的“1万亿元”相呼应，因此C选项承上启下，符合语境，故选C。

【分析】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项奥林匹克运动项目——冰壶。

26．G 根据后文的“Scottish winters were long and there were forms of entertainment. So people began making a sport out of sliding heavy stones on the frozen lakes. The game spread (苏格兰的冬天很长，有各种娱乐形式。因此，人们开始用重石头在结冰的湖面上滑动制作一项运动，这项运动逐渐传播开来)”可推知，此处是概述冰壶的历史渊源，所以G项“冰壶运动可能起源于16世纪或更早的苏格兰”切题。故选 G项。

27．C 根据本段的整体内容可知，本段主要讲的是冰壶的具体游戏规则，所以C项“冰壶比赛由四人组成的队伍进行”切题。故选C项。

28．E 上段讲的是冰壶的游戏规则，根据空后“The ice is so smooth and the stone is so heavy that even the smallest misjudgment in a throw can make the stone slide much too far or stop too suddenly.(冰面很平滑，并且石头很重，所以投球时，最微小的偏差也可以使石头滑出很远或者骤然停止)”可知，本段讲的是冰壶具体操作起来并非易事，所以E项“The rules are easy to learn, but playing the game is hard.（规则很容易学，但从事这项运动却很难。）”承上启下。故选E项。

29．F 根据空格前句可推知，冰壶在实际操作中并非易事，与选项F“对于冰壶球员来说，冰融化会使情况更艰难”呼应，都是讲冰壶操作不易；且F项中的The melting of the ice与空后的Water呼应，所以F项切题。故选F项。

30．D 根据空前一句“A good curler must know how much force to use. The player must know the exact conditions of the ice on the court.(一个好的冰壶球员必须知道用多少力量。运动员必须知道球场上冰面的准确条件)”可知，D项“In other words, a good curler must be a fine athlete.(换句话说，一个好的冰壶球员必须是一个优秀的运动员)”与上文意义一致，且D项中“a good curler”与上文中“A good curler”呼应。故选D项。

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了花样滑冰的历史以及滑冰的发展变化——如今滑冰已经成为世界非常流行的运动。

【详解】

1. B 根据上文“Some designs that were created included rosettes (花结), stars and crosses”(一些设计包括玫瑰花，星星和十字架)可知，一些设计包括玫瑰花，星星和十字架，此处描写了一些设计的形状，空处应该是进一步描述这些设计，B项“Each special figure was really a work of art.”(每一个特殊的设计都是艺术品。)符合，承接上文，故选B。

2. E 根据下文“For that reason, the general public was not all that excited about watching figure skating at the first Olympics.”(基于这个原因，在第一届奥运会上，普通大众对花样滑冰并不感兴趣。)可知，观众对花样滑冰不感兴趣，E选项“However, they were not fun for the audience to watch or understand.”(然而观众对观看或理解花样滑冰没什么兴趣)符合，与上文构成转折，同时引起下文，故选E。

3. G 根据下文“Her beauty and athletic ballet style increased figure skating's popularity worldwide.”(她的美丽和运动芭蕾风格，提升了花样滑冰的全球知名度。)可知，Sonja Henie做了一些事提升了花样滑冰的全球知名度，所以空处应该是具体描述Sonja Henie做了什么事，G选项 “She introduced the idea of white figure skates and short skating skirts.”(她引入了白色花样滑冰鞋和短滑冰裙的概念。)符合，引起下文，故选G。

4. F 根据上文“In the Netherlands, all classes of people skated.”(在荷兰，所有阶层的人都滑冰。)可知，在荷兰，所有阶层的人都滑冰，此处说明了滑冰在荷是一种常态，空处应该具体说明这种常态，F选项“Ice skating was a way for people to travel over frozen waters in the winter months.”(在冬季，滑冰是人们在冰冻的水面上旅行的一种方式。)符合，承接上文，故选F。

5. A 根据上文“Today, ice skating can actually be done year-round since there are indoor ice arenas all over the world.”(今天，滑冰可以全年进行，因为全世界都有室内滑冰场。)可知，此处提到了滑冰在世界的流行程度，如今，人们更加广泛地参加，结合下文“even though the majority of ice skaters are children and teens.”(尽管大多数滑冰者都是儿童和青少年。)可知，空处应该是具体解释人们广泛参加滑冰，A选项“People of all ages participate in ice skating.”(各个年龄段的人都参加滑冰。)符合，承上启下，故选A。

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。众所周知，花样滑冰始于19世纪中期，当时一位名叫Jackson Haines的美国人第一次将舞蹈和滑冰结合在一起。文章介绍花样滑冰的历史及有关信息。

36．A 根据上文“Figure skating, as we know, got its start in the mid-19th century, when an American named Jackson Haines combined dancing and skating for the first time. Americans did not accept Haines' technique at that time.(众所周知，花样滑冰起源于19世纪中叶，当时一位名叫Jackson Haines的美国人首次将舞蹈和滑冰结合在一起。当时美国人并不接受Haines的技术)”可知，上文提到美国人不接受Haines的技术，推测本句与上文构成因果关系，指出Haines对此的反应：搬到了奥地利的维也纳。故A选项“因此他搬到了奥地利的维也纳。”符合语境，故选A。

37．F 根据上文“Figure skating become an Olympic sport before there were Winter Games.(在冬奥会之前，花样滑冰就成为了一项奥运会项目)”以及后文“Ice dancing joined the Olympics in 1976, when the Games were held in Innsbruck, Austria.(1976年在奥地利因斯布鲁克举行的奥运会上，冰上舞蹈成为奥运会的一项比赛项目)”可知，本段主要是在介绍花样滑冰在奥运会的发展情况，故F选项“双人和单人项目首次出现在1908年的伦敦夏季奥运会上。”符合语境，故选F。

38．G 根据上文“In singles skating, each skater performs a short routine of required steps.(在单人滑比赛中，每位选手都要完成一个简短的规定步骤)”可知，上文提到了单人滑比赛有简短的规定步骤，可知本句承接上文继续说明这些步骤是什么。G选项中They对应上文中steps。故G选项“它们是跳跃、旋转和组合，以及较长的自由滑冰例行程序。”符合语境，故选G。

39．C 根据后文“But unlike pairs skating, ice dance does not include overhead lifts and jumps. An ice dance competition is made up of three parts: one set to music that has a required rhythm, and two parts set to whatever music the ice dancers choose.(但与双人滑冰不同的是，冰上舞蹈不包括高空升降和跳跃。冰上舞蹈比赛由三部分组成：一组是有节奏的音乐，另两部分是冰上舞蹈者选择的音乐)”可知，本段主要介绍的是冰上舞蹈，C选项中Ice dance对应后文中ice dance。故C选项“冰上舞蹈也由一男一女表演。”符合语境，故选C。

40．E 根据上文“A panel of nine judges scores the quality of each figure skating performance, but only seven out of nine scores are used. To determine which judges' scores will be used, there is a random draw before each event. Skaters are given a grade for each step, jump, spin, or any other element that is part of their routine. They also receive an “overall” score for each performance.(由九名评委组成的评审团会对每一项花样滑冰表演的质量打分，但只有九分中的七分被使用。为了确定将使用哪个裁判的分数，在每个比赛前会有一个随机抽签。滑冰选手的每一步、跳跃、旋转或任何其他动作都有一个分数。他们每一次的表现也会得到一个综合分数)”可知，上文提到了给花样滑冰表演进行打分，本句为本段最后一句，故打分的结果就是选出获胜者。故E选项“总分最高的人或队伍为获胜者。”符合语境，故选E。